第78章 学道医脾胃功能差你应该知道这个小方子(第1页)
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如果你的脾胃功能差,你应该知道这个小方子,一定不会让你失望!
在中医当中脾胃被认为是人体重要的消化器官,被称为后天之本。胃主受纳饮食,对食物进行初步消化,这一过程中医称作为“腐熟”
。脾主运化水谷,将经过腐熟的食物进一步消化成为精微物质,并且将这些精微物质传送输布到全身各处,濡养各个脏腑器官,充实全身气血。脾与胃在饮食物的消化吸收过程中相互配合的关系叫做“纳运相得”
。
自从人体从母体产出开始,脾与胃就一直为人体提供营养物质,所以被称为是“后天之本”
、“气血生化之源”
。历代中医大家都十分重视调理脾胃。今天为大家介绍的就是这么一个补气健脾的着名方子——四君子汤。
四君子汤出自《太平惠民和剂局方》,说到这本书,有必要介绍一下。我们宋朝时期,虽然军事上表现很一般,但是经济文化却空前繁荣,《太平惠民和剂局方》就是在这一时期由宋代太医局所主持编写的,作为太医局所属药局的一种成药处方配本,是全世界第一部由官方主持编撰的成药标准。
四君子汤组成简单,由人参、白术、茯苓各9g,甘草6g等四味药物组成。有很好的补气健脾的功效,是补气的基础方子。用于治疗脾胃气虚所导致的气短乏力,语声低微,面色萎白,食少便溏,舌淡苔白,脉虚缓(弱)等症状。
不论是先天脾胃虚弱,还是饮食劳倦失常等各种原因损伤脾胃之气,出现脾胃功能虚弱,受纳与运化功能失常。脾胃本就是化生气血的来源,脾胃虚弱,则气血化生不足,气虚则气短乏力、语声低微,血虚则面色萎白。
胃主受纳,脾主运化,脾胃虚弱,则食欲不振、消化不良。脾失健运,不能运化水液,水湿内停而湿从中生,则出现大便溏薄。舌质淡、苔白、脉像虚弱等都是脾胃气虚的表现。
四君子汤,将大补的人参作为君药,味甘性温而能益气,可以健补脾胃。用白术作为臣药,协助人参健补脾胃之气,还可以利用白术的苦温特性,健脾燥湿,健运脾气。
脾主湿,脾胃虚弱,运化水液无力,水湿停滞,所以配伍利水且健脾的茯苓,既可以协助白术健运脾气,又可以利用它的甘淡特性,渗利湿邪,同时使人参、白术补而不滞。
最后用甘温益气的甘草,协助人参、白术补中益气,还可以起到调和诸药的作用。四味药既使用补脾益气的药物,又使用了苦燥淡渗的药物,主次兼顾,迎合了“脾喜润恶燥”
的特点。
以这个方子作为补气剂的基础方子,中医方剂还有很多化裁的方子,比如四君子汤加上陈皮、半夏称为六君子汤,在六君子汤的基础上加上木香、砂仁称为香砂六君子汤等等。
之所以称作四君子汤,是因为“四”
指的是四味药,而“君子”
主要是古人认为“君子”
具有“厚德载物”
“中和”
“冲和”
的美德,暗合了四味药搭配具有健补脾胃、药性平和的特点,故取名“四君子汤”
。
⊙文章内容仅供临床思路参考,非中医专业人员请勿试药。
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