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第9章 一边工作一边学习第二章 学习写作知识续(第1页)

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五明继续写学习写作的双重转化原理笔记:

“中国古人对写作的“双重转化”

现象早就有所察觉,有所认识。比如6机在他所写的《文赋》中,就曾说过:“恒患意不称物,文不逮意,盖非知之难,能之难也。”

显然,6机是意识到了"

物”

→“意”

→“文”

这三者的进层关系的。由“物”

而生“意”

,最难的是意能“称”

物,和它相符、相适合;由“意”

而生“文”

,最难的是文能“逮”

意,能赶得上、追得着丰富的思想。懂得这个道理并不很难,但要真正做到它却相当不容易。6机实际上是揭示了写作活动的一个重要现象,它是《文赋》这本书的重要现和重大价值之一。古代“写作学”

的奠基者刘勰,对这个问题更有着较为清醒的认识,他在《文心雕龙·物色》篇里说:“情以物迁,辞以情”

,“写气图貌,既随物以宛转;属采附声,亦与心而徘徊”

。他提出了写作活动的“物”

→“情”

→“辞”

的转换关系。“写气图貌”

,即模写、再现客观外界的景象和风貌,这要“随物以宛转”

,跟着事物的本来面目而宛转与之相适合“属采附声”

,即连缀辞采,谐合声律的语言表现,这要“与心而徘徊”

,和内心的思想感情相“徘”

一致。刘勰这种“物”

、“情”

、“辞”

之同“双重转化”

的认识,是他对文学写作问题的一个基本观点,具有深远的影响。还有像郑板桥在《画竹》中所说的“眼中之竹”

、“胸中之竹”

和“手中之竹”

,在实质上也涉及了这个问题。由“眼”

中竹,到“胸”

中竹,这是一“重”

转换,由“胸”

中竹到“手”

中竹这又是一“重”

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