谈宏大(第1页)
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大自然本身是一疗养院。他即使不能治愈别的病患,但至少能治愈人类的自大狂症。人类应被安置于“适当的尺寸”
中,并必须安置在用大自然作背景的地位上,这就是中国画家在所画的山水中总将人物画得极其渺小的理由。在中国的“雪后观山”
画幅中,那个观望雪山中雪景的人是被画成小到粗看竟寻不到尺寸,必须要仔细寻找,方能觅到。这个人蹲身在一颗大松树之下而在这十五寸高的画面中,他身体的高度不过一寸而已。而且全身不过聊聊数笔。又有一幅宋画,上边画着四个高人游于山野之间,举头观看头顶上如伞盖般的大材。一个人能偶尔觉得自己是十分渺小时,于他很有益处。
有一次我在牯岭避暑,躺在山顶上,远望见百里外的南京城中有两个渺小如蚂蚁一般的人,正在那里拼命地争夺一个报效国家的机会。但从远处望过去时,其情状便觉得是很滑稽的。所以许多我国人都以为游山玩水有一种化积效验,能使人清心净虑,扫除不少的妄想。
人类往往易于忘却他实在是何等的渺小无能。一个人看见一所百层大厦时,往往便会自负。治疗这种自负症的,对症方法就是:将这所摩天大厦,在想象中搬置到一座渺小的土丘上去,而习成一种分辨何者是伟大,何者不是伟大的更真见解。我们之所以重海洋者,在它的广浩无边,重山岭者,在它的高大绵延。黄山有许多高峰,都是成千尺的整块花岗石,从地面生成,连绵不绝的表达半哩多路。这就是使中国画家的心灵,受到感动的地方。它的幽静,它的不平伏的宏大,和它那显然的永在,都可说是使中国人,爱好画石的理由。一个人没有到过黄山,决定不会相信世上有这么样的大石。十七世纪中,有一个黄山画派,即因爱好这种奇石,而得名。
在另一方面,常和大自然的伟大为伍,当真可以使人的心境渐渐也成为伟大。我们把天然景色当作活动影片看的法子,而得到不亚于看活动影戏的满足;自有一种把天边的乌云当作戏台后面的布景看,而得到不亚于看布景的满足;自有一种把山野丛林当作私有的花园看,而得到不亚于游览私有的花园的满足;自有一种把奔腾澎湃的巨浪声响当作音乐听,而得到不亚于听音乐的满足;自有一种把山风当作冷气设备,而得到不亚于冷气设备的满足。
我们随着天地之大而并大,如中国第一个浪漫派才子阮藉所谓“大丈夫”
之“以天地为庐”
我生平所遇到的一幅最好的景物是某晚在印度洋面上所见。这景物的场面长有百哩,高有三哩。大自然在上面表现了半小时的佳剧,有巨龙,雄狮等接连的在天边行过。——狮子昂首而摇,狮毛四面飘拂;巨龙宛转翻身,奋鳞舞爪。——有穿着灰白色军服的兵士,带着金色肩章的军官、排着队来往不绝,倏而合队,倏而退去。在这军队彼此追逐争战之时,场面上的灯光忽而变换,白衣服的兵士忽而变为蓝衣服,灰色衣服者忽而变为紫衣服。至于背后的布景,则一忽儿已变为耀眼的金黄色。再过一刻,这大自然剧台的管理技师渐渐将灯光低暗下去,紫衣服的兵士吞没了黄衣服的而渐渐变为深紫和灰色,在灯光完全熄灭之前的五分钟,又显阅出一幅令人咋舌的惨怖黑暗景像。我看这够生平所仅见的伟大的戏剧,并没有花费分文。这星球上面还有幽静的山,都是近乎治疗式的幽静。如幽静的峰,幽静的石,幽静的树,一切都是幽静而伟大的。凡是环抱形的山都是一所疗养院,人居其中即好似依偎在母亲的怀里。我虽不信基督教科学,但我确信伟大年久的树木和山居,实具有精神上的治疗功效。并不是治疗一块断骨或一方受着传染病的皮肤之场所,而是治疗一切俗念和灵魂病患的场所如:窃盗狂,只知有己不知有人狂,奴隶他人狂,讨债狂,统治狂,战争狂,诗狂恶意仇恨狂,好于人前显耀狂,一般的头脑不清,和种种的不道德脾气。
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