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二独坐敬亭山赏析(第1页)

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众鸟高飞尽,孤云独去闲。

相看两不厌,只有敬亭山。

——《独坐敬亭山》李白(唐)

李白的这首《独坐敬亭山》,很有深意,特别是当我们以视角学的角度去观照的时候,就可以看到一幅非常独特的风景——

首先要体会这样一点,就是有一个视角始终在观照着诗中所有的一切,此视角超越于所有具体的内容,所有具体的内容却不离此视角。

此视角可以说是诗人的视角,也可以说是读者的视角,还可以说是超越的视角,呈现于此视角中的是怎样的风景呢?

众鸟高飞尽:这是一个仰视的视角,看到的是一群鸟儿飞过,越飞越高,越飞越远,直到看不到踪影。

孤云独去闲:这是一个稍稍抬头远望的视角,看到的是,只有一片孤云,渐渐地闲适地一点点飘远,速度很慢,看似不动,其实也在慢慢地动。

相看两不厌,只有敬亭山:这是一个平视的视角,看到的是真正不会高飞亦不会独去的敬亭山,始终静静地立在这里——你在看山的时候,山也在看你。就这样一直静静地看着,不来不去,无动无摇,而且永远也看不够,永远不觉得厌烦

以观心的角度来看这首诗的时候,就会发现,用这首诗来形容观心之境是非常贴切的——

众鸟高飞尽:众鸟,代表诸多的念头。各种念头都像鸟儿一样飞走了,再也看不到一丝踪迹。

孤云独去闲:孤云,代表某种还没有消尽的执著——其中最难消散的是我执。我执就是这片孤云,这时就让它渐渐地远去,把它晾在一边,不去管它。

相看两不厌,只有敬亭山。山,代表生命中如如不动的本心,此心在“敬”

、“停”

(止)的状态下可以通过内观而见到。

“敬”

的状态非常重要,敬的状态首先是一种宁静和清净的状态,然后在此基础上有一种敬畏、诚敬、至诚、敬仰,即对大道的信仰之心。

所谓宁静,就是“众鸟高飞尽”

;所谓清净,就是“孤云独去闲”

。然后以诚敬之心安住在这种宁静、清净之中,静静地观照,静静地体悟。

在“停”

(止)的状态下,小我、自我消散了之后,“人我”

之心即消隐,只剩下了亭亭独立之本心,此即“亭”

之深义。

“相看”

,以心观心,能观即所观,所观即能观,所谓“相看”

,实为“自观”

、“自看”

“两不厌”

,这是对以心观心内在体验、内在体悟的绝佳描述。以心观心的时候,当“众鸟高飞尽,孤云独去闲”

的时候,本心赤裸显现,这是安住于本心之中,静静地观照本心,就会出现这种状态——相看两不厌。不仅“相看两不厌”

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