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第三百四十二章 门阀士绅(第1页)

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为了做出区分,也为了这几个学生都能方便理解。

林煜一直以来,说的都是封建专制王朝,而不是单纯的封建王朝,不至于让他们搞混了。

杨荣当下主动作答道:“何为封建专制,这要分开来看,林先生的意思也应当说的不是封邦建国,而是突出在后面的专制,唐时柳宗元曾经有写过一篇《封建论》,专门论证痛斥了分封制优于郡县制的谬论。”

说到这里,杨荣顿了顿,因为这等谬论千年来,一直都有人在“坚持”

,都不好说这些人是不是脑子被门夹过,还是单纯的智障。

就连本朝大明,也曾出过两位赞同“封建”

的奇人。

一位叫方孝孺,一位叫解缙。

(两则冷知识:1、方孝孺没被诛十族,这确实是谣言,在明中后期还有方孝孺的后人做官,连糊涂账《明史》也不敢确定方孝孺是否真被诛十族了,只是进行了记录,还不止一种死法。

2、解缙倒是写下了“虎为百兽尊,谁敢触其怒,唯有父子情,一步一回顾”

,但根据考证,汪广洋比他更早写过这“画虎”

诗,且汪广洋去世时,解缙只有十岁,学界主流观点认为是解缙化用其意,来劝说朱棣)

杨荣又继续说道:“用柳宗元在《封建论》中的观点,秦的过失是滥用民力,严刑酷法,致使郡县制没能成功,而汉的过失是部分地采取了分封制,造成了郡县制不彻底,唐的过失就是兵制出了问题,致使地方军权过重,逐步藩镇军阀化。”

“秦、汉、唐三朝,它们的过失都不在郡县制。”

“所以,林先生所说封建专制王朝,意思应该也是差不多的……”

“《韩非子·亡徵》云:婴儿为君,大臣专制,树羁旅以为党,数割地以待交者,可亡也。”

“而《左传·昭公十九年》也说:若寡君之二三臣,其即世者,晋大夫而专制其位,是晋之县鄙也,何国为之?”

这两句话中的“专制”

,其实都有独断专权的政治含义。

杨荣藉此继续说道:“林先生所言封建专制,应当说的还是作为中枢的朝廷,给了地方过多的权力,导致乡绅为主的地方趁机坐大,以至于‘皇权难下乡’,虽名为郡县,但却形如封建,故为封建专制。”

“嗯,”

林煜点头,笑着讲道,“你说的倒也贴切,这也确实可以套用到包括大明在内,所有王朝的统治模式,哪怕是千古一帝的秦始皇嬴政,灭六国,大一统,始郡县,统一度量衡,实际它的主体政治结构,依旧没能摆脱曾经战国时代的‘家族-诸侯-国家’的天下一体化统治模式。”

一说到“天下”

,在座的几人除开郑和、袁忠彻外,其他三人全都了然于胸。

周公始创“天下”

,并以尊周王室为“天子”

的形式,让“周天子”

成为了“天下”

体系内的共主。

也就是士大夫的小家族,到无数士大夫家族组成了诸侯国,再到无数诸侯国聚成的“天下九州”

这套统治模式整体来说,几乎趋近完美,不仅将国家体系完整的搭建了起来,让所有处在这套体系下的家族、诸侯王,都被迫心甘情愿的按照同一套亲疏远近的“五服”

体系,行“在祀在戎”

的国之大事。

唯一的Bug就是,周公的“天下”

太完美了,完美到让“周天子”

都变成了多余的。

🎁免费-纯欲御姐主播请退出浏览器阅读模式,否则将导致章节内容缺失及无法阅读下一章。

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