第16章 登长城览十三陵(第1页)
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吃过早餐后,我们28人便6续上车沿“京张公路”
向八达岭长城驶去。当旅游大巴驶进京城北部燕山的盘山公路时,开始进入一段峰回路转,沟壑纵横,摩崖临渊,崎岖难行的山间险路。早就知道文革电影《青松岭》曾有过对燕山奇峻险路的描写,但它给人带来的是一种沉重的心理感受。相比之下,唐代大诗人留下的“大漠沙如雪,燕山月似钩”
千古佳句,却给人以幽深轻松的感觉。
2个小时后,当大巴车钻过几个隧道,越过几道大岭后便远远看到詹天佑为我国建造第一条铁路——“京张铁路”
时所辟建的那段“之”
字形道路。那可是在全世界铁路建造史上一次绝无仅有的“伟大创举”
。它不仅彰显了中国人的绝顶聪慧,而且也挑战了在如此巨大高差下建造铁路的不可能。当所有外国专家来到现场试车通过那段“之”
字路后,竟惊得那些傲慢的外国人没有一个不竖大拇指的。也正是这一事例让詹天佑从名不见经传的小人物一跃成为令世界同行刮目相看的顶级铁路建造大师。
又过了大约半小时,旅游大巴终于驶到了“八达岭长城”
。八达岭长城原本是京城北郊的一处关隘,地理形胜,奇险无比。城关就象一把“虎头铡”
把京张公路拦腰切断。整个城垛就建在公路连通长城内外的一处坳地里,雄险至极,坚固无比。尽显“一夫当关,万夫莫开”
之势。
下了旅游大巴后,我们先到八达岭关门拍了一张28人的合影照。随后,便开始分头攀上城关东西长城烽火台去自由观光游览了。
我跟王国斌每人拎了一瓶矿泉水蹬得最快。那一天到长城观光游览的人特多,在连接长城垛口的通道上几乎全是人,每前进一步口中都得不停地喊着“借光!借光!”
,否则就根本挤不过去。
当我俩向八达岭西段长城海拔最高的烽火台爬去的时候,我的脑海中曾在瞬间闪过三段跟长城有关的历史故事:
第一个:是“褒姒烽火戏诸侯”
的故事。相传两千多年前,周幽王有一爱妃名曰“褒姒”
,美若天仙,倾国倾城,深得周幽王宠爱。一次,胡人来犯北部长城边关,故周幽王下令点燃烽火通知各诸侯国快驰援。当各路援军赶来时,犯边的胡人早已退去。褒姒见以烽火为号调兵很好玩,于是为满足自己的好奇心硬逼着周幽王为她点燃了一次烽火。当各路诸侯率军赶到一看,原来是周幽王为换爱妃一笑才点燃了烽火,便都悻悻而回并在内心对周幽王产生了强烈不满。又过了一段日子,边关突然告急,于是周幽王又再度下令点燃烽火,但这次各路援军一路都没到,结果被来犯之敌一举灭国,美姬褒姒也转瞬沦为胡人领的玩物……
第二个:是“皇太极绕道佯攻北京城”
的故事。女真后金国的第二位汗王皇太极是一位天资聪慧的英主。当他明知破不了袁崇焕守卫的宁远关城(兴城)后,于是他一边使出“离间之计”
,又一边绕道“长城熄烽口”
搞了一次“佯攻北京城”
的远途奔袭战。因有明军内奸里应外合,八旗军很快便突破了熄烽口长城防线快包围了北京城。因皇太极本次远途奔袭没带辎重粮草,目的是“佯攻北京”
旨在离间崇贞帝和袁崇焕的君臣关系。当得到细作告知袁军已至廊坊时,故皇太极又迅撤军回返锦州。
而当袁崇焕率兵赶至北京时,皇太极率八旗军已撤围久矣。在袁崇焕第一时间见到崇贞帝后,他便知道皇帝肯定要向他兴师问罪了。故一进乾清宫先跪地伏乞道:
“皇上,崇焕救驾来迟,让您受惊了!臣请降罪,甘愿受罚!”
但见崇贞帝出“嘿嘿”
一声冷笑后咬牙切齿地说道:“袁崇焕,你好大的胆子!你为何与清妖私下议和?如今你又迟迟不来救驾,险些害得朕亦被清妖所掳!我看你是纯心要断送我大明江山啊!”
听了崇贞帝刚才一番话,袁崇焕惊得面如土色,知道他私下与降清的明将祖大寿见面谈话之事已被皇帝知道,不禁暗自叫苦不迭。但他表面上仍镇定自若地解释道:
“皇上,祖大寿确实受皇太极之托私底下来找过我,但臣却义正辞严地一口回绝了他。臣对皇上一片忠心,天地可鉴啊!”
崇贞帝突然把手一摆、气愤地吼道:“来人啊!把对朕和朝廷不忠不孝的袁宗焕打入死牢,择日处凌迟之刑!”
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