第30章 归化城(第1页)
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甘丹颇章政权成立之初,五世达赖作过一个统计,当时藏区共有大小寺庙约18oo座,僧人近十万,格鲁派占三分之一强。经过筹划,他决定6续兴建13座大庙,就是后人所称的十三林。此外,他还决定将江东康区原属噶玛派的稻城贡岭寺改属格鲁,增修扩大,占地5oo多亩,僧人定额3oo。稻城贡岭寺历史悠久,以壁画精美着称,镇寺之宝——鎏金弥勒佛像系五世达赖所赐。后经清廷批准,五世达赖还在滇北迪庆修建了云南最大黄庙——噶丹松赞林寺,外观雄伟,依山而建,号称小布达拉,四周青山如黛,仙女湖碧波荡漾,现为香格里拉主要景区之一。接下来,该考虑如何扩大、巩固黄教在蒙古地区的影响,每每忆及那个少年天子的形象,他就感到朝廷的托付之重。
他的思绪不由从黄教初入蒙古开始梳理,这些事情也都曾对桑结说过,所以桑结明白佛爷刚才所说“黄教两大活佛诞生了”
的意思。
明朝中后期嘉靖年间,内蒙古土默特旗王公俺答汗举兵南下,由古北口入犯,逼近京师,朝野大惊,饱掠8日而返,史称“庚戌之变”
。后西进安多,留驻不返,与当地藏蒙游牧部落生利益冲突,局面混乱。朝廷派甘肃巡抚劝返无效,又无力阻止,只好封俺答汗为顺义王,以示怀柔。
俺答汗现与当地人的矛盾还表现在宗教上。那时蒙古人信奉原始的萨满教,当地人则多信仰佛教。宗教对立导致西藏掌权的噶举上层对俺答汗冷漠排斥。他为了在宗教上寻求支持,经反复探访观察,把目光投向在群众中已有相当影响且受噶举压制的格鲁宗,主持修建了仰华寺,邀请时为哲蚌寺池巴索南嘉措会晤。双方于土默特部进入青海2o年后的1578年(明万历六年)在仰华寺举行了会谈。
一天傍晚,索南正静坐默诵经文,忽听不远处传来凄厉的哭嚎声,出去一看,哭声是从一位将军帐中传出的。打听方知,将军刚刚病故,死前指定两个妻子中年轻的一个“跟他走”
,天亮前须自行了断,明天一同入树棺下葬,现在正与两个年幼儿女抱头痛哭。索南被深深震惊了,居然还留存如此野蛮残酷的风俗。
“上师慈悲,求您向汗王说说留下她吧,孩子还小……”
年轻妻子的母亲跪在地上哀求道。四周是许多沉默的眼睛。
“好,我去向汗王求情。”
他扶起老人,向大帐走去。
俺答汗自与索南接触后,对佛教很感兴趣,每日请他讲解佛法,眼下正拿着一本经书在读,看见索南进来赶紧让座。
“汗王可曾听见外面的哭声?”
俺答汗叹口气点点头。
“佛法重戒律,五戒戒杀生。汗王放着人命不救,读再多经书恐也无益。”
“唉,上师有所不知,这是蒙古人祖辈传下的习俗,不满足死人的愿望活人不得安宁。”
索南微微笑道:“汗王以为人死后有无灵魂?”
“这个、这个,说不好……”
“汗王想学佛法,这正是关键,且听小僧道来。若无灵魂,一死百了,陪葬何益?又怎能搅忧活人不安?若有灵魂则必然进入轮回,来世境况好坏,端看今世善恶如何。这位将军不修阴德,临死又杀一人,且秧及老少,可谓作恶多端,必下铁围地狱,来世转为畜牲。”
看到俺答汗满脸惊疑,索南又补充道:“汗王能有今日,安享锦衣玉食,贵为人上之人,可知为何?”
不待对方回答又道,“汗王尊位,人皆思之,然最终由阁下荣登,乃是……”
说到此停顿一下,俺答汗情不自禁伸长脖子侧过耳朵,索南意味深长地继续道,“汗王的洪福乃是前世敬佛行善的果报,还望今生礼敬三宝,来世会更加圆满。”
俺答汗似有所悟,但又为难地说:“这习俗源自萨满教,族人皆信之,怕是一时难改。”
索南嘉措看到机会来了,果断地说……话还未出口,只听帐外如雷一般喊道:“我们愿追随上师皈依佛法。”
二人吓一跳,出帐一看,黑压压不知跪着多少人,此刻天已大黑,远远近近点着不少火把。
这场面显然感染了俺答汗,他大手一挥:“好,我和大家想的一样,从现在起,我们土默特蒙古人就不再信萨满而皈依佛教了。”
下面的人一听,都兴奋地跳起来欢呼,火把也来回舞动着。
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