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春秋五霸晋文公重耳的故事
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第十一章 重耳逃难(第1页)

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第十一章重耳逃难

晋大饥,向秦借粮,秦穆公一借便是五万斛。翌年,秦亦饥,向晋借粮,晋一粒不给,反要联梁以伐秦。

秦穆公被晋军团团围住,死战不能得脱,正危急间,平地里跳出来三百勇士,一个个蓬首袒肩,手执大砍刀,如鬼兵一般。

季隗哭着对重耳说道:“男子志在四方,非妾敢留。然妾今二十五岁矣,再过二十五年,妾已年过半百,就是嫁人,孰肯娶乎?”

庆郑虽然觉着借粮无望,但君命在身,又不能不去。到了秦国,呈上国书和宝玉,不发一言,静候秦穆公诘问。穆公读过晋之国书,面无表情地说道:“贵使暂去驿馆安歇,借粮之事,容寡人与百官朝议后再定。”

庆郑拜谢而去。

翌日晨,百官朝拜已毕,秦穆公轻咳一声,清了清嗓子说道:“诸位爱卿,晋惠公得以复国,实乃我大秦相助之力,他也曾亲口许诺,复国后割五城以为谢。今复国已五载,不仅不践其诺,反因天灾之故,开口向我借粮,诸位爱卿说一说,这粮该不该借?”

这话虽说是在征求百官之见,但早已定了调子——晋惠公有负于我,他是个大混蛋,这粮不能借,纵观中国历史,哪朝哪代没有几个善于察言观色的大臣?秦国岂能脱俗?秦穆公话音刚落,立马站出来五个大臣,大声说道:“这粮不能借。”

百里奚、蹇叔互看了一眼,同时把头点了一点,各自趋前三步,异口同声道:“这粮应当借。”

若是换作别的大臣,秦穆公早就恼了,可如今与他意见相左的不是别人,乃是他的两个重臣,他耐着性子问道:“这粮为什么要借?”

百里奚高声回道:“晋向我借粮,乃天灾之故,天灾之事,何国无有?救灾恤邻,理之常也。顺理而行,天必福我。应当借粮与晋。”

丕豹念及父仇,攘臂而言曰:“晋惠公无道,天降其灾。乘其机而伐之,可以灭晋。此机不可失!”

未等百里奚、蹇叔开言,繇余当先驳斥道:“丕大夫之言,不谓无理,然古人有言,‘仁者不乘危以邀利,智者不侥幸以成功’。这粮还是借的好。”

秦穆公沉吟良久道:“负我者,晋君也。饥者,晋民也。吾不忍以君之故,迁祸于民。借就借吧!”

这一借便是五万斛斛:量器名,亦容量单位。古代以十斗为一斛。,运粮的船只舳舻相接,史称“泛舟之役”

也不知是秦借粮与晋得罪了上天,抑或是上天有意考验一下晋惠公是否改恶从善,降冰雹、蝗虫于秦,秦自夏至秋,颗粒无收。晋国反风调雨顺,五谷丰登。

秦穆公召蹇叔、百里奚、丕豹进宫,问之曰:“今岁大饥,百姓无以为食,为之奈何?”

百里奚、蹇叔齐道:“借粮于晋。”

秦穆公叹道:“寡人今日方知二卿之言是也,天灾之事,何国无有,若寡人去冬不肯借粮与晋,今日岁饥,何面目借粮于晋?”

丕豹摇首说道:“主公不必过于乐观,以臣揣度,我若向晋借粮,晋必不肯借。”

秦穆公道:“为甚?”

丕豹回道:“晋君贪而无信。”

秦穆公笑驳道:“他还不至于这么坏吧?”

丕豹道:“您太高看了晋君!”

秦穆公不再多言,遣冷至亦持国书、宝玉赴晋借粮。晋惠公虽贪,然受秦二惠,倒也记在心上,当即说道:“冷大夫,您暂去驿馆歇息,寡人这就遣使送粮与秦。但晋一连受灾五年,今岁刚刚有所好转,一下子拿出五万斛粮济秦,有些太多,是不是……”

冷至知他要说什么,接过话茬问道:“贤君打算借我几许?”

晋惠公回道:“两万斛怎样?”

冷至道:“今岁,秦受灾之重,想来贤君早有所闻。两万斛有些少了吧?”

晋惠公道:“那就两万五吧。”

冷至道:“是不是还有点少?”

晋惠公将心一横道:“那就三万吧!一斛也不能多了。”

冷至长叹一声,欲言又止。一内侍大声说道:“请冷大夫去驿馆安歇!”

他不得不走了。

翌日,早朝毕,晋惠公正要退朝,郤芮出班说道:“臣有本奏。”

晋惠公道:“请讲。”

郤芮道:“臣听人言,今岁秦饥,欲借粮于我,可有此事?”

晋惠公道:“确有其事。”

郤芮故作不知道:“主公欲将何处?”

晋惠公道:“当然借喽。”

郤芮道:“君与秦粮,亦将与秦地乎?”

晋惠公道:“但与粮耳,岂与地哉?”

欲芮道:“我为甚要借粮与秦?”

晋惠公道:“亦报其‘泛舟之役’也。”

郤芮道:“如以泛舟为秦德,则昔年纳君,其德更大。君舍其大而报其小,臣以为不可取也。”

“这……”

晋惠公欲言又止。

庆郑怕他变卦,忙出班说道:“主公,臣去岁奉命去秦借粮,秦穆公二话不说,借五万斛于臣。今我若闭粮不与,于情于理怕是有些不通。”

吕饴甥抢先回道:“秦与晋粮,非好晋也,为求地也。不与粮而秦怨,与粮而不与地,秦亦怨。既然怨之,借他粮作甚?”

庆郑反驳道:“秦人有难,我袖手旁观,不仁;秦有恩于我,我不报答,不义,不仁不义,何以治国?”

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