鲁宣公十一年(第2页)
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遂入陈,杀夏征舒,诸栗门。因县陈。陈侯在晋。
申叔时使于齐,反,复命而退。王使让之,曰:“夏征舒为不道,弑其君,寡人以诸侯讨而戮之,诸侯、县公皆庆寡人,女独不庆寡人,何故?”
对曰:“犹可辞乎?”
王曰:“可哉!”
曰:“夏征舒弑其君,其罪大矣,讨而戮之,君之义也。抑人亦有言曰:‘牵牛以蹊人之田,而夺之牛。’牵牛以蹊者,信有罪矣;而夺之牛,罚已重矣。诸侯之从也,曰讨有罪也。今县陈,贪其富也。以讨召诸侯,而以贪归之,无乃不可乎?”
王曰:“善哉!吾未之闻也。反之,可乎?”
对曰:“吾侪小人所谓‘取诸其怀而与之’也。”
乃复封陈,乡取一人焉以归,谓之夏州。故书曰“楚子入陈。纳公孙宁、仪行父于陈”
,书有礼也。
去年,夏征舒弑陈灵公,孔宁和仪行父逃至楚国。对楚庄王来说,这正是控制陈国的一个绝好机会。这一年冬天,楚庄王以夏氏作乱为由,出兵讨伐陈国,而且对陈国人宣称:“你们不要害怕,我是来讨伐少西氏的。”
少西氏即夏氏。陈国的百姓不喜欢陈灵公,也不拥护夏征舒。楚庄王很轻易地进入了陈国,杀死夏征舒——为了显示伸张正义,夏征舒是在陈国首都上蔡的栗门被车裂而死的。楚庄王为陈灵公报了仇,便奖励自己,将陈国变成了楚国的一个县。这也是楚国历来的搞法,楚国著名的申县、息县、叶县等,哪一个原本不是诸侯国?
陈灵公的世子午,此时正在晋国。
楚国大夫申叔时奉命出使齐国,回来之后,向楚庄王复命,然后退下。楚庄王觉得很不爽,派人责备申叔时:“夏征舒大逆不道,弑其国君,寡人带领诸侯讨伐而诛杀了他。诸侯和县公们都向寡人表示祝贺,只有你不贺寡人,这是为什么?”
申叔时说:“我还可以申述吗?”
楚庄王说:“可以!”
申叔时说:“夏征舒弑君,这个罪行是很大,讨伐他而且诛杀他,这正是君王应该做的事。不过呢,人们也有这样一句话:‘牵着牛踩坏了人家的田地,就把他的牛抢过来。’牵牛踩田的人,当然是有罪的;可是把他的牛抢过来,这个处罚就太重了。诸侯跟随您,说是为讨伐有罪之人。现在您却把陈国设置为县,这就是贪图它的富庶了。以讨罪召集诸侯,而以贪婪来结束,恐怕不可以这样吧?”
楚庄王说:“对哦!我咋就没听说过这些话呢?那我把陈国还给他们,可以吗?”
申叔时说:“这就是我们这些小人所说的‘从谁怀里拿出来的就还给他’啊!”
楚庄王于是重新封建陈国,派人到晋国迎接世子午回来为君,是为陈成公。为了纪念这次丰功伟绩,楚庄王又下令从陈国每一个乡都带回一个人到楚国,让他们集中居住在一起,称为“夏州”
。
《春秋》记载:“楚子入陈。纳公孙宁、仪行父于陈。”
是表彰楚庄王做得有礼。
又据《史记》记载,孔子读到这段历史的时候,对楚庄王赞不绝口,以为其“轻千乘之国而重一言”
。对照晋景公对狄人的举动,不难看出,晋楚争霸发展到这个时期,双方在保持武力扩张的同时,又不约而同地开启了“贤者模式”
,开始以德服人了。
厉之役,郑伯逃归,自是楚未得志焉。郑既受盟于辰陵,又徼事于晋。
鲁宣公六年,楚国讨伐郑国,双方在厉地谈判、媾和,郑宣公中途逃跑。从那时候开始,楚国就没有得志于郑国,也就是没有使郑国真正顺服。这一年夏天的辰陵之盟,郑襄公虽然也参加了,接受了楚国的盟约,但是背地里又向晋国讨好,请求侍奉晋国。这只风箱里的老鼠,已经变得越来越滑头了。
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