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第56章 燕留城(第1页)

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公元前663年。

齐桓公击败孤竹国军队,擒获孤竹国君答里呵,斩首示众。自此,孤竹国灭亡。

注:1。【孤竹国,是中国商周时期北方地区一个重要的诸侯国,疆域范围:燕山地区南麓、今河北东北部和辽宁西部地区。都城在河北卢龙地区。

西周时期,孤竹国势力衰微,不得不从属山戎,在公元前663年被齐国灭亡。

商朝末年,孤竹“伯夷叔齐让国”

、“扣马谏伐”

、“耻食周粟”

、“甘饿首阳”

等典故,广为后世称道,久传不衰,孤竹国也因此名闻天下。存在时间约900年。】

2。【伯夷、叔齐是商朝孤竹国君的两个儿子,其父死后,遗命叔齐继位,而叔齐认为伯夷是长子,就让位给伯夷,伯夷却认为父命不可违,便逃跑了,而叔齐也不肯继位,也逃跑了。武王伐纣,车载着文王的牌位行军。伯夷叔齐叩马进谏:‘父死不葬,爰(yuan)及干戈,可谓孝乎?以臣弑君,可谓忠乎?卫士欲杀之。姜太公曰:‘此义士也。’就把他俩赶走了。商朝灭亡后,伯夷叔齐耻食周粟。便隐居在首阳山,采薇而食,有妇人说:‘子义不食周粟,此亦周草木也。’二人羞愤,绝食而死,葬于首阳山,历代对伯夷叔齐推崇备至,称其二人为‘二贤人’、‘二君子’。】

燕庄公听说齐侯得胜,就从团子山(河北迁安县东南,棒槌山)营地飞马来到孤竹都城与齐桓公相会。

称贺已毕,齐桓公说:“我为了帮助你解除军事危机,跋涉千里,还好,庆幸成功了,消灭了令支、孤竹两国。这一下子,拓展了五百里的领土,但是我不能越过你燕国来统治这片土地啊,还是交给你来治理吧(寡人赴君之急,跋涉千里,幸而成功,令支、孤竹,一朝殄灭,辟地五百里,然寡人非能越国而有之也,请以益君之封)。”

燕庄公回答:“我非常感谢您的帮助,保住了我燕国的宗庙和社稷,这已经非常满足了,哪里还敢奢望多得到土地呢?只有您才能设置官员和军队来治理呀(寡人借君之灵,得保宗社足矣,敢望益地?惟君建置之)。”

齐桓公说:“北部边陲地势偏远,如果还让戎狄来统治,必然还会再发生叛乱,请您不必推辞了,东边的道路已经通达齐国,请您勤勉治国,恢复先祖召公的荣耀,向周王朝纳贡,发展成为北方地区的领导者,这样,也就是我的功劳和荣幸了。”

燕伯不敢再推辞,接受了这些地盘。

齐桓公在无棣城(河北卢龙县附近)大赏三军,因为无终国(河北玉田县)有助战之功,把小泉山(玉田县城东北)下的田地分给了他,虎儿斑拜谢,告辞先回去了。

齐桓公令全军休整五日,返程,再渡卑耳溪,整顿车辆人马,缓缓而行。

见令支一路荒烟余烬,不觉惨然,对燕伯说:“戎主无道,殃及草木,不可不戒。”

注:1。【无终国,春秋时期北戎所建立的部落国家。故址在今河北玉田县无终山附近一带】

2。【令支,春秋时为令支国,曾一度被山戎统治。今河北迁安、迁西、和滦县北部地域,古代称为令支,秦代时为离枝县,汉代改为令支县,属于幽州辽西郡。

山戎是北戎的一个分支,国都在令支,也叫离支。山戎国土边界,西边是燕国,东南是齐国。令支就在这两国之间,依仗地势险要,兵士勇猛,不服从周王朝的管理,不称臣不纳供,还屡次侵略中原地区。以前曾经侵犯齐国,被郑国的公子忽(郑昭公)率兵给打败了,败的很惨,老实了很多年。】

鲍叔牙自葵兹关(古地名,故址待考)前来迎接,齐桓公说:“粮草军费供给充足,都是你的功劳啊!”

又吩咐燕伯在葵兹设置守关军队,然后率领齐兵撤回。

燕伯送桓公出境,恋恋不舍,不知不觉送到了齐国的境内,已经离开燕国有五十里了。

齐桓公说:“自古诸侯相送,不出境外,我不能破坏这个规矩,不能对燕伯失礼。”

于是就把燕伯所到的这个地方,都割让给燕国了,就算是答谢燕伯过境相送的意思了。燕伯苦苦推辞,没办法,只好接收了土地返回燕国,之后在这里建筑一座城池,名叫“燕留”

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