第一百九十九章 治国就是要造不均(第2页)
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夏之白淡淡道:“陛下只知道统治是有成本的,但统治同样也需要技术支持的,陛下只考虑到了统治的成本,全然忽略了陛下设计的这一套体系根本就没有技术支撑。”
“诚然。”
“在陛下眼中‘皇权是下乡’的。”
“但当真下乡了吗?”
“论征发徭役修建水利时,皇权不仅是下乡的,还是下村的,论收税规模,从秦开始,一代接一代下来,规模是越来越大,论无意义消耗粮食,皇权这些都是下乡的。”
“但论到家法打死人,论到乡绅逃税避税等,皇权甚至是不下县的。”
“大明对基层的统治力从来都是选择性的。”
“当对地方的官僚系统有利时,皇权就能下县下乡,甚至是入村,但一旦涉及到官僚体系自身的利益时,皇权就连走出应天府都难,大明对基层的控制其实是很弱的。”
“这同样是小政府的弊端。”
“秦汉,天下一直都是大政府,中央垂直管理地方。”
“只是随着魏晋门阀的崛起,中央朝廷日渐丧失对基层的管理能力和意识,但无论是隋唐,还是宋,都在一而再的尝试,将手伸到基层,只是效果不佳,而唐朝对地方基层的管理方式,则很简单粗暴。”
“就是军事军官直接管理乡里。”
“只是盛唐爆发了安史之乱,而后又有五代十国之祸。”
“宋代因此矫枉过正。”
“自宋代时,天下再也没有出现军事集团军官直接管理地方的情况发生,与此同时,这也导致地方的官吏直接变成了中央朝廷的税吏,再难对地方做出什么实质性的控制,想治理地方,反而还要依仗地方的乡绅士族。”
“南迁后的宋尤其。”
“从这时起,天下彻底丧失了对基层的控制。”
“陛下吸取历朝历代经验,直接采取了小政府,几乎等同于放弃了基层控制。”
“而明代官俸之薄,堪称历代之最。”
“唐时,百官有‘职田’,在宋代,官员也有‘公田’,而大明只是仰仗俸薪,别无给赐,很多九品官,月俸米才五石,尚不能达到五代北汉时候的一半。”
“大明的底层官员生计其实是严重不足的。”
“但为何这么低薄的俸禄,依旧让能天下人趋之若鹜?”
“因为很多官员根本不靠朝廷俸禄。”
“他们的更多收入,来自于家庭的经营性收入,例如田地、房产出租,还有一些纺织等。”
“这些官员本质上就是地主。”
“除此之外。”
“大明官员在田地经营一类的基本收入中,通常又会借助朝廷赋予他们的优免特权,从中额外获得优厚的回报。”
“按照大明的制度规定,凡是两榜乡绅,无论官阶高低及田之多寡,决无签役之事。”
“乙榜举人,视其官位之崇卑,多者可免二、三千亩,少者亦达千亩。至于贡生出仕的官员,则根据其官位,多者可免千亩,少者不过三、五百亩,亦或者免徭役。”
“而今天下科举才刚开始,等到日后,这些中榜举人成云,天下自此进入大兼并时代。”
“如今大明立国已近二十载。”
“各种乱象接踵而至,就如汉唐一样,都面临着削藩之事。”
“削藩在历朝历代都很难。”
“西汉景帝削藩,引发了七国之乱。”
“唐代历次削藩,却因为中央朝廷无力,根本解决不了,最终拖垮了大唐。”
“而大明要削的藩,跟汉唐不一样,汉唐主要是军事,而大明主要削的是经济上的‘藩’,还有就是士人的‘特权藩’。”
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