第五十九章 都是地主啊(第1页)
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“江浙之地,煎迫农户贱卖其田,以身入佃,屡见不鲜。为避重税以求生存,投献官员、富绅者众,已成投献之风……”
“再不行遏制之法,天下之田,盖为官绅之田,天下之农,盖为官绅之农!”
朝会之上,方孝孺奉命当着满朝文武的面,宣读了胡浚的《为江浙万民请命》奏疏。
朱允炆面色阴沉,扫视着群臣,厉声喊道:“元宵之日,朕许万民以盛世!不过十日,便收到如此奏疏,呵呵,这便是我大明的真相吗?你们让朕,有何颜面对天下人?黄子澄,你为户部尚书,如何看此事?”
黄子澄连忙出班,施礼道:“皇上,胡浚之言字字惊心,臣以为,若江浙之地真如胡浚等人所言,土地兼并,投献之风已起,朝廷应施以严策,盘查士绅田产,加以约束。”
都察院左督御史周德站了出来,反对道:“盘查?官员职俸田免税,富农豪绅可享部分免税田,乃是太祖之制!皇上,臣认为,农户经营不善,或天灾之下,欠收破家乃是常事,依附于官绅之下,即可保其生产,又可存续,胡浚之言,过于悚然,实乃是恐吓朝廷之言,当治罪!”
黄子澄猛地回头,心中怒火腾升,我一个尚书还没说完话,你一个御史蹦跶出来做什么?
“周御史所言有理,皇上,自古以来,农户便依附于田地,而田地又依附于是富农豪绅、官府。纵一些自耕农入佃农,也不见得是一件好事。毕竟,他们还是有田耕作,朝廷只需收取相应税银,税银不短缺,一切都可以解决。”
都察院右都御史范俊站出来支持周德。
黄子澄愤怒了,厉声反驳道:“百姓若无自耕田地,完全依附于士绅,那百姓到底是朝廷的,是大明的,还是士绅的?周范两位御史,你们应该知道吧,佃农纵是一亩收成两石,也要交出一石,甚至是一旦五斗吧!”
“不是还有五斗吗?饿不死!”
周德冷冷说道。
黄子澄紧握拳头,喊道:“可按照一条鞭法,他们作为自耕农的话,两石粮食,只需上缴一斗三升而已!”
“一斗三升而已?呵呵,尚书大人,按照太祖之制度,农业税只是三十税一,两石粮食,应该是六升而已,何故增加到了一斗三升!”
周德反问。
黄子澄喝道:“一条鞭法,将农业税由三十税一改为十五税一,此事朝议已过!你缘何再度提起?内阁已讲述的明白,甚至拿出了南北直隶的调查,农业税看似三十税一,低的很,但每年摊派的各类徭役,施加给百姓的,早已出了十税一,甚至是七税一,五税一!”
“一条鞭法,看似增加了农税,实则减轻了农户负担,再无各类徭役之苦,再无各类差派之乱,周德,要知佃农,可是二税一!如此天怒人怨之事,你犹然支持,甚至出‘饿不死’之言,你到底还是不是为民做官?!”
黄子澄是愤怒的,他看过南直隶与江浙等地奏报,底层自耕农,相对十年之前,锐减了三成之多,也就是说,百万自耕农中,至少有三十万失去了田地!
这些田地,不是他们经营不善的结果,而是士绅联合盘削的结果!私立明目,以旧制征税,反复收税,以徭役征派,各种手段用下来,自耕农手中早已没了吃的,这个时候,还能怎么办?
将自己赖以生存的土地,以极低的价格卖出去,同时,也将自己与一家人,卖了出去!
卖了命只是第一步,往后的岁月,他们将不再是人,而是牛,是马,是驴!
任人鞭打欺辱,在土地之上,耕作不休,再无自由!
黄子澄愤怒于底层的手段,但作为户部尚书,他更在乎的是赋税,而三十万自耕农转而佃农,那朝廷少征收的税可是极多的!
以一人十亩计,便是三百万亩土地,按旧制三十税一,一亩征收六升粮税,便是近十八万石,而这还是最低的数据,真实数据恐怕会翻几倍之多!
毕竟,士官有着职俸田,即当官的官田,这部分朝廷是不收税的。而对于豪绅,朱元璋时期还给予过部分免税权。
百姓的田都归了他们,可他们又是不交税或少交税的,你让户部怎么收税?
这种情况下,别说一条鞭法,就是把鞭子挥断了,也打不到士绅头上去啊!
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